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| movements = 11 in two parts (6 + 5) | text_poet = Salomon Franck | bible_text = | chorale = by Georg Neumark | vocal = | instrumental = }} ''ドイツ語:Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis'' (I had much grief),〔 BWV 21, is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Weimar, possibly in 1713, partly even earlier, and used it in 1714 and later for the third Sunday after Trinity. The work marks a transition between motet style on biblical and hymn text to operatic recitatives and arias on contemporary poetry. He catalogued the work as ' (and for all times), indicating that due to its general theme the cantata is suited for any occasion. The text is probably written by the court poet Salomon Franck, including four biblical quotations from three psalms and the Book of Revelation, juxtaposed in one movement with two stanzas from Georg Neumark's hymn "ドイツ語:Wer nur den lieben Gott lässt walten". The cantata possibly began as a work of dialog and four motets on biblical verses. In its 1723 version, it is structured in eleven movements, including an opening sinfonia and additional recitatives and arias. It is divided in two parts to be performed before and after the sermon, and scored for three vocal soloists (soprano, tenor, and bass), a four-part choir, three trumpets, timpani, oboe, strings and basso continuo. Bach led a performance in the court chapel of Schloss Weimar on 17 June 1714, known as the Weimar version. He revised the work for performances, possibly in Hamburg and several revivals in Leipzig, adding for the first Leipzig version four trombones doubling the voices. == History and words == Bach composed the cantata in Weimar, but the composition history is complicated and not at all stages certain.〔〔 Findings by Martin Petzoldt suggest that the cantata began with the later movements 2–6 and 9, most of them on biblical text, performed at a memorial service of Aemilia Maria Haress, the wife of a former prime-minister of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt at the St. Peter und Paul in Weimar on 8 October 1713.〔 Bach may then have expanded it and presented it for his application in December 1713 at the Liebfrauenkirche in Halle. The performance material of this event, the only surviving source, shows on the title page the designation ', indicating that the cantata with its general readings and texts is suitable for any occasion.〔〔 Bach designated the cantata on the Third Sunday after Trinity of 1714. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the First Epistle of Peter, "Cast thy burden upon the Lord" (), and from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Lost Sheep and the parable of the Lost Coin (). The librettist was probably the court poet Salomon Franck, as in most cantatas of the period, such as ドイツ語:''Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten!'' BWV 172. The text shows little connection to the prescribed gospel, but is related to the epistle reading. The poet included biblical texts for four movements: for movement 2 , for movement 6 , translated in the King James Version (KJV) to "Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted in me? hope thou in God: for I shall yet praise him for the help of his countenance.", for movement 9 (KJV: "Return unto thy rest, O my soul; for the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee."),〔〔 and for movement 11 , "Worthy is the Lamb", the text also chosen to conclude Handel's ''Messiah''.〔 Similar to other cantatas of that time, ideas are expressed in dialogue: in movements 7 and 8 the soprano portrays the ''ドイツ語:Seele'' (Soul), while the part of Jesus is sung by the bass as the ''ラテン語:vox Christi'' (voice of Christ).〔 Only movement 9 uses text from a hymn, juxtaposing the biblical text with stanzas 2 and 5 of "ドイツ語:Wer nur den lieben Gott lässt walten" by Georg Neumark,〔 who published it with his own melody in Jena in 1657 in the collection ''ドイツ語:Fortgepflantzter Musikalisch-Poetischer Lustwald''.〔 Possibly the first version of the cantata ended with that movement.〔 Bach performed the cantata in the court chapel of Schloss Weimar on 17 June 1714, as his fourth work in a series of monthly cantatas for the Weimar court which came with his promotion to ''ドイツ語:Konzertmeister'' (concert master) in 1714.〔 The so-called Weimar version, his first composition for an ordinary Sunday in the second half of the liturgical year,〔 marked also a farewell to Duke Johann Ernst who began a journey then.〔 A revision occurred during the Köthen years, specifically in 1720. A performance, documented by original parts, could have been in Hamburg to apply for the position as organist at St. Jacobi in November 1720, this time in 9 movements and in D minor instead of C minor.〔 As ''ドイツ語:Thomaskantor'' in Leipzig, Bach performed the cantata again on the third Sunday in office on 13 June 1723, as the title page shows. For this performance of eleven movements beginning again in C minor, he also changed the instrumentation, adding for example four trombones to double the voices in the second stanza of the hymn, to arrive at the version used in several revivals during Bach's lifetime and mostly now.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis, BWV 21」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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